Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping educational practices across the globe. This study examined the application of AI in the teaching and learning of Biology in secondary schools within Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State, Nigeria, with particular emphasis on its implications for scientific literacy and national development. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, involving Biology teachers and senior secondary school students. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. The findings revealed that AI-supported instructional strategies enhanced students' understanding of complex biological concepts, increased learner engagement, and improved critical thinking skills. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited teacher training, unstable electricity supply, and insufficient policy support were identified. The study concludes that effective integration of AI into Biology education can significantly improve scientific literacy and contribute to sustainable national development. Recommendations were made for policymakers, school administrators, and educators to strengthen AI adoption in Nigerian secondary schools.

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